Divisor 431

To determine if any number is divisible by 431, apply this test:

1. If your number ("X") has 6 digits or more, separate the last (smallest) 5 digits from the rest. This makes two smaller numbers, call them L^eft and R^ight (note: don't add in trailing zeros to L). If there are fewer than 6 digits, L = 0 and therefore R = X.
2. Multiply L by 8 and add to R.
3. Take that result and cross off its final digit (units). Take this new number and subtract 43 times the digit you just crossed off. Call this final result "Y".
4. Y will be much smaller than X, but we have preserved divisibility by 431. That is, your original number is divisible by 431 if (and only if) Y is. Now that it's much smaller, with basic knowledge of your 431-times tables, it should be easy to visually see if Y is divisible by 431. If the Y is still much larger than 431, the above process can be repeated until it does reduce to within small multiples of 431.

Easy!